日本要将福岛核废水排入大海的传言这几年来一直在流传，核污水问题正如同悬在福岛上方的“达摩克利斯之剑”，若不能妥善解决，随时可能造成难以挽回的严重后果。
而近日，这个传言终于得到了证实——日本基本决定要将福岛的核污水排入大海。
据央视新闻援引日本媒体报道，4月9日，日本政府表示，“基本决定”将福岛第一核电站核污水排入大海。4月13日，日本政府将召开内阁会议，正式决定。此前，这一计划遭到日本国内渔民、福岛当地民众及国际社会的抗议和谴责。
图源：大象视频截屏
The Japanese government recently decided to discharge the wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the sea, Nikkei Asia said on April 9. The resolution is scheduled to be formally confirmed at a cabinet meeting on April 13.
2022年储水箱将达极限
2011年3月11日，日本东北部海域发生强烈地震并触发海啸，东京电力公司运营的福岛第一核电站发生灾难性辐射泄漏，4个核反应堆不同程度受损。为控制反应堆温度，东京电力公司注入大量冷却水，从而产生了含有放射性物质的核污水。
当地时间2011年5月6日，日本福岛县，地震和海啸灾难后，为受损的福岛第一核电站4号反应堆降温。图源：人民视觉
In 2011, a powerful earthquake-triggered tsunami damaged the Fukushima plant’s cooling system. Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc (TEPCO), the plant’s operator, then used water to cool down the reactor cores.
The water playing the cooling function, however, is contaminated with radioactive materials and has been stored in tanks at the plant.
从去年开始，核污水排放问题就成为了人们关注的焦点。日本内阁消息，福岛核电站大型污水储水罐将在2022年秋季达到储水极限。2020年10月下旬日本政府曾计划就核污水的处理方法，做出最终决定，即把核污水渐次排入大海。消息一出便引起了日本民众的强烈抗议。迫于压力，日本政府暂未执行该计划。
图源：大象视频截屏
Since last year, the issue of nuclear wastewater discharge has become a hot topic. According to the cabinet, the storage tanks for wastewater are expected to reach the upper limit by autumn 2022. In late October last year, the Japanese government said it would gradually discharge wastewater into the sea. The news was immediately protested by the people of Japan and the world. Under pressure, the Japanese government has yet to implement the plan.
据东京电力公司称，福岛核电站现在每天新增140吨“处理水”。截至今年3月，核污水已达到125万吨，估计到2022年9月将达到储存罐上限137万吨。
The plant operator TEPCO says about 1.25 million tonnes of tainted water has been stored as of March and the tanks' 1.37 million-ton storage capacity will be full in 2022.That tanks will need to be removed to make room for decommissioning facilities.
当地时间2021年1月8日，日本东京，航拍福岛第一核电站。图源：人民视觉
据CGTN报道，多名专家指出，由于日本政府拟排放的核污水中，仍残存氚放射物，一旦被排入大海，这些污水会随着太平洋洋流，污染世界多地。此外，污水中还有其他致命放射性物质，日本方面曾有意隐瞒。
Many experts pointed out that once the radioactive materials such as tritium in the spent nuclear water are discharged into the sea, they will accompany the ocean current and pollute many parts of the world. What's more, there are other lethal radioactive substances in the wastewater, which Japan has been deliberately concealing.
一家来自德国的海洋科学研究机构的计算结果显示，从排放之日起，57天内放射性物质就将扩散至太平洋大半区域，3年后美国和加拿大就将遭到核污染影响。
视频来源：CCTV中文国际
此前，距日本大地震10周年之际，日本首相菅义伟3月6日赴福岛县视察，这是他上任以来第二次访问福岛。当天，他回应了核污水处理问题。
在记者会上，菅义伟再次被问及福岛第一核电站的核污水处理问题。他重申了尽快做决定的立场，“核污水的储存罐不断增加，存放场地愈发紧张，在这种状况下我们不应该总是推迟做决定，将在恰当的时候负责任地做出决策。”但是他并未明确给出处理方针的决定期限。
去年9月，首相菅义伟在视察福岛第一核电站时，向东京电力公司工程师提问核废水能不能喝，工程师回答稀释了就能喝。
但菅义伟一行人最终还是并未喝下……
图源：大象视频截屏
科普时间：核污水有多可怕？
日本排放核污水已不是第一次
关于核污水的解决办法，日本政府目前拟定的计划是，将其稀释后排入太平洋。为获得渔业组织的“理解”，日本首相菅义伟在4月7日，同日本全国渔业协同组合联合会会长纪志弘进行了会谈。会后，纪志弘表示，他仍对将核污水排入大海的计划表示反对。
Last Wednesday, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga told reporters that "I want to make a decision in a few days", after meeting with Hiroshi Kishi, the head of Japan's National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Associations.
As one of the firmest critics of a proposal for the ocean release of the water, Kishi said his organization "had no change at all to our absolute opposition to the idea".
东京电力公司表示，若要排放入海，施工等准备工作需要2年左右时间。
但实际上，日本排放核污水的这种操作，已经不是头一回。
据CGTN报道，2011年4月4日，东京电力公司就曾将内含低浓度放射性物质的1.15万吨污水排入大海。东电方面曾称，已对这些核污水进行了过滤，去除了锶、铯等高放射性物质，剩下了相对难以去除的氚。
On April 4, 2011, TEPCO discharged 11,500 tons of wastewater into the sea. The company said it had filtered it to remove strontium, cesium and other high-level radioactive substances, leaving only tritium which is difficult to remove.
但据外媒报道，2018年有专家对2017年核污水进行了化验，发现样本中不仅有氚，还有碳14、钴60，以及锶90等其他放射性物质。
However, in 2018, when some experts studied the nuclear wastewater in 2017, they found that not only tritium, but also a large number of radioactive substances such as carbon 14, cobalt 60 and strontium 90 remained in the treated wastewater.
2011年5月4日，日本东京电力总裁清水正孝再次访问福岛县，跪地向灾民道歉。图源：人民视觉
据CGTN报道，事实上，除了排污入海，还有其他方式处理核污水，比如将核污水稀释后排入大气，要么深埋入地下，等待放射源元素逐渐衰变，减轻对环境危害。而最直接的方法还有建造新的污水储水罐。据悉，已有多家企业向日本相关部门提交了氚去除技术的申请，却遭到拒绝。分析人士指出，在日本政府看来，其他的方法耗时、费力，且成本昂贵，排污入海才是最划算的办法。
In fact, in addition to discharging into the sea, there are other ways to treat nuclear wastewater, such as discharging into the atmosphere after evaporation and burying underground. The most direct way is to build new water storage tanks in the nuclear power plant. It is reported that a number of nuclear power companies have submitted proposals for tritium removal technology to relevant Japanese departments before.
But it was rejected by Japan. Analysts pointed out that in the view of the Japanese government, other ways are time-consuming, laborious and expensive, and only discharging into the sea is the most cost-effective way.
中方回应：慎重决策
4月9日，外交部发言人赵立坚主持例行记者会，有记者提问道日本政府计划于当地时间4月13日召开内阁会议，届时将决定核污水排入大海，请问中方有何评论？
对此，赵立坚表示：
日本福岛核事故造成放射性物质泄漏，对海洋环境、食品安全和人类健康已经产生深远的影响。日本政府应当秉持对本国国民、周边国家以及国际社会高度负责的态度，深入评估福岛核电站含氚废水处理方案可能带来的影响，主动及时地以严格、准确、公开、透明的方式披露信息，在与周边国家充分协商的基础上慎重决策。
The radioactive leak caused by the meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear power plant has had profound impact on marine environment, food safety and human health. We hope the Japanese government will act with a high sense of responsibility towards its own people, neighboring countries and the international community, conduct thorough assessment of the possible effect of treatment process for tritium-contaminated waste water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, disclose relevant information in a voluntary, timely, strict, accurate, open and transparent manner, and make prudent decisions after full consultation with neighboring countries.
综合来源：人民网科普 中央财经 央视新闻 澎湃新闻 CGTN 外交部官网
