The tragedy of old age

What is it like to be old in the United States? What will our own lives be like when we are old? Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage the problems of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life.

Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime-like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed.

But what are an individual's chances for a "good" old age in America, with satisfying final years and a dignified death? Unfortunately , none too good. For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation , desolation and muted rage. This can be a consequence of the kind of life a person has led in younger years and the problems in his or her relationships with others. There are also inevitable personal and physical losses to be sustained, some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable. All of this is the individual factor, the existential element. But old age is frequently a tragedy even when the early years have been fulfilling and people seemingly have everything going for them. Herein lies what I consider to be the genuine tragedy of old age in America -- we have shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old. The tragedy of old age is not the fact that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly painful, humiliating, debilitating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance and poverty. The potentials for satisfactions and even triumphs in late life are real and vastly under explored. For the most part the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable world.

相关单词：taboo

taboo解释：n.禁忌，禁止接近，禁止使用；adj.禁忌的；v.禁忌，禁制，禁止

taboo例句：

The rude words are taboo in ordinary conversation.这些粗野的字眼在日常谈话中是禁忌的。

Is there a taboo against sex before marriage in your society?在你们的社会里，婚前的性行为犯禁吗？

相关单词：confrontation

confrontation解释：n.对抗，对峙，冲突

confrontation例句：

We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。

After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

相关单词：miserable

miserable解释：adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

miserable例句：

It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。

Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

相关单词：eventual

eventual解释：adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

eventual例句：

Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。

Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

相关单词：derives

derives解释：v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

derives例句：

English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》

He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》

相关单词：imminence

imminence解释：n.急迫，危急

imminence例句：

The imminence of their exams made them work harder.考试即将来临，迫使他们更用功了。

He had doubt about the imminence of war.他不相信战争已迫在眉睫。

相关单词：attained

attained解释：（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

attained例句：

She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。

Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

相关单词：conserve

conserve解释：vt.保存，保护，节约，节省，守恒，不灭

conserve例句：

He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。

Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力，你会用得着的！

相关单词：dignified

dignified解释：a.可敬的，高贵的

dignified例句：

Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。

He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。

相关单词：deprivation

deprivation解释：n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

deprivation例句：

Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。

Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。

相关单词：inevitable

inevitable解释：adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

inevitable例句：

Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。

The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

相关单词：unbearable

unbearable解释：adj.不能容忍的；忍受不住的

unbearable例句：

It is unbearable to be always on thorns.老是处于焦虑不安的情况中是受不了的。

The more he thought of it the more unbearable it became.他越想越觉得无法忍受。

相关单词：debilitating

debilitating解释：a.使衰弱的

debilitating例句：

The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。

You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

相关单词：isolating

isolating解释：adj.孤立的，绝缘的v.使隔离( isolate的现在分词 )；将…剔出（以便看清和单独处理）；使（某物质、细胞等）分离；使离析

isolating例句：

Colour filters are not very effective in isolating narrow spectral bands. 一些滤色片不能很有效地分离狭窄的光谱带。 来自辞典例句

This became known as the streak method for isolating bacteria. 这个方法以后就称为分离细菌的划线法。 来自辞典例句